Effect of Condenser Temperature Variation on the Performance of Rotary Vacuum Evaporator in Phyllanthus Niruri Extraction
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56862/irajtma.v4i3.336Keywords:
Rotary vacuum evaporator, condenser temperature, energy efficiency, Phyllanthus niruri extraction, flavonoidAbstract
This study analyzes the effect of condenser temperature variation on the performance of a rotary vacuum evaporator (RVE) in extracting Phyllanthus niruri solution. Three condenser conditions, 23 °C, 30 °C, and without cooling, were tested, each with five replications. Observed parameters included evaporation time, mass reduction rate, energy consumption, and flavonoid content, which were analyzed statistically using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). Results showed that the 23 °C condenser achieved the highest mass reduction rate (3.78 g/min) and the lowest energy consumption (0.14 kWh). At 30 °C and without cooling, mass reduction rates decreased to 3.02 g/min and 2.24 g/min, while energy consumption rose to 0.19 kWh and 0.20 kWh. The 23 °C condenser also produced the highest flavonoid content (11.9 mg/mL), confirming optimal thermal efficiency. This work fills the research gap on the effect of condenser temperature on energy efficiency and extract quality in RVE systems and provides a basis for developing energy-efficient evaporators for small-scale herbal industries.
References
Cetinkaya, Ahmet, Seyda Yayla, M. Mesud Hurkul, and Sibel A. Ozkan. 2025. “The Sample Preparation Techniques and Their Application in the Extraction of Bioactive Compounds from Medicinal Plants.” Critical Reviews in Analytical Chemistry, May 19, 1–36. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408347.2025.2503437.
Chatterjee, S., G. Sugilal, and S.V. Prabhu. 2019. “Heat Transfer in a Partially Filled Rotary Evaporator.” International Journal of Thermal Sciences 142 (August): 407–21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2019.04.033.
H. Al-Hassani, Ahmed, and Alaa R. Al-Badri. 2021. “Effects of Evaporator and Condenser Temperatures on the Performance of a Chiller System With a Variable Speed Compressor.” Engineering and Technology Journal 39 (1A): 45–55. https://doi.org/10.30684/etj.v39i1A.1647.
Kadir, Dler H. 2021. “Statistical Evaluation of Main Extraction Parameters in Twenty Plant Extracts for Obtaining Their Optimum Total Phenolic Content and Its Relation to Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities.” Food Science & Nutrition 9 (7): 3491–99. https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.2288.
Kulikova, Nataliya, Antonina Chernobrovina, Natalia Roeva, and Olga Popova. 2023. “Evaporation as a Method for Obtaining Plant Concentrates.” Food Processing: Techniques and Technology, June 23, 335–46. https://doi.org/10.21603/2074-9414-2023-2-2438.
Le, Violetta, Anna Stepanova, Arina Shevel, Timothy Larichev, and Sergey Luzyanin. 2025. “Factors Affecting Extraction of Bioactive Substances from Plant Cell Cultures.” Food Processing: Techniques and Technology, July 1, 439–53. https://doi.org/10.21603/2074-9414-2025-2-2567.
Lefebvre, Thibault, Emilie Destandau, and Eric Lesellier. 2021. “Selective Extraction of Bioactive Compounds from Plants Using Recent Extraction Techniques: A Review.” Journal of Chromatography A 1635 (January): 461770. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461770.
Lezoul, Nour El Houda, Mohamed Belkadi, Fariborz Habibi, and Fabián Guillén. 2020. “Extraction Processes with Several Solvents on Total Bioactive Compounds in Different Organs of Three Medicinal Plants.” Molecules 25 (20): 4672. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25204672.
Makarov, A., A. Khodos, M. Kirienko, and M. Senchuk. 2022. “Energy-Efficient Vacuum Evaporation Units for Concentration in the Dairy Industry.” Ventilation, Illumination and Heat Gas Supply 43 (December): 13–26. https://doi.org/10.32347/2409-2606.2022.43.13-26.
Mazaraie, Ayuob, Seyed Mohsen Mousavi-Nik, and Leila fahmideh. 2018. “Assessments of Phenolic, Flavonoid and Antioxidant Activity of Aqueous, Alcoholic, Methanol and Acetone Extracts of Thirteen Medicinal Plants.” Nova Biologica Reperta 4 (4): 299–309. https://doi.org/10.29252/nbr.4.4.299.
Mohamad Said, Khairul Anwar, and Mohamed Afizal Mohamed Amin. 2016. “Overview on the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) in Extraction Processes.” Journal of Applied Science & Process Engineering 2 (1). https://doi.org/10.33736/jaspe.161.2015.
Nechyporenko, Dmytro, Tatiana Novozhilova, Antonina Sakun, and Eugenia Ponomarenko. 2024. “Ways to Reduce Energy Consumption in The Evaporation Process of Solutions in Evaporation Apparatus.” Bulletin of the National Technical University «KhPI» Series: New Solutions in Modern Technologies, no. 1(19) (April): 58–64. https://doi.org/10.20998/2413-4295.2024.01.08.
Ng, Zhi Xiang, Siti Najia Samsuri, and Phaik Har Yong. 2020. “The Antioxidant Index and Chemometric Analysis of Tannin, Flavonoid, and Total Phenolic Extracted from Medicinal Plant Foods with the Solvents of Different Polarities.” Journal of Food Processing and Preservation 44 (9). https://doi.org/10.1111/jfpp.14680.
Pogorzelska-Nowicka, Ewelina, Monika Hanula, and Grzegorz Pogorzelski. 2024. “Extraction of Polyphenols and Essential Oils from Herbs with Green Extraction Methods – An Insightful Review.” Food Chemistry 460 (December): 140456. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.140456.
Said, Arshe, and Marjatta Louhi-Kultanen. 2019. “Simulation and Empirical Studies of Solvent Evaporation Rates in Vacuum Evaporation Crystallization.” Chemical Engineering & Technology 42 (7): 1452–57. https://doi.org/10.1002/ceat.201800708.
Smirnov, H. F., A. V. Zykov, and D. N. Reznichenko. 2017. “The Determination of Energy Source Optimal Parameters for Vacuum Evaporation.” Scientific Works 80 (1). https://doi.org/10.15673/swonaft.v80i1.236.
Sun, Dahan, Cong Wang, Zekuan Liu, Jiang Qin, and Zhongyan Liu. 2024. “Performance Analysis of a New Cascade Waste Heat Recovery System With a Wider Range of Applications.” Journal of Thermal Science and Engineering Applications 16 (8): 081007. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4065492.
Uwineza, Pascaline Aimee, and Agnieszka Waśkiewicz. 2020. “Recent Advances in Supercritical Fluid Extraction of Natural Bioactive Compounds from Natural Plant Materials.” Molecules 25 (17): 3847. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25173847.
Wang, Long, Ying Liu, Fan Pu, Wen Zhang, and Zhongmu Zhou. 2018. “Effect of Rotary Evaporator Water Bath Temperature on Recovery Rate of Phthalate Esters.” Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 101 (6): 810–13. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-018-2440-3.
Yahaya, M. N., Mohamad Razlan, Z., Eswanto, E., Maruyama, N. ., Abdul Rahman, A., Yahya, M. N. R., … Rani, M. F. H. . (2025). Analysis of Temperature and Relative Humidity Distributions in a Dental Treatment Room at a Government Health Clinic in Malaysia. Journal of Advanced Research in Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences, 127(1), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.37934/arfmts.127.1.119.
Zhang, Huanhao, and Yasu Zhou. 2022. “Effects of Tube Shape on the Distribution of Film Thickness and Heat Transfer Performance in Falling Film Evaporation.” Heat and Mass Transfer 58 (9): 1533–43. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00231-022-03196-0.
Zhang, Le, Huixing Zhai, Jiayuan He, Fan Yang, and Suilin Wang. 2022. “Application of Exergy Analysis in Flue Gas Condensation Waste Heat Recovery System Evaluation.” Energies 15 (20): 7525. https://doi.org/10.3390/en15207525.
Zhao, H., R. Poole, and Z. Zhou. 2024. “Rate-Limiting Factors in Thin-Film Evaporative Heat Transfer Processes.” International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 228 (August): 125629. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2024.125629.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 IRA Jurnal Teknik Mesin dan Aplikasinya (IRAJTMA)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
